Owners filed 94 complaints about this vehicle with federal regulators, most often about the service brakes, hydraulic › antilock/traction control/electronic limited slip. It has been recalled 2 times.
What fails
Component
Reports
Crashes
Fires
Injuries
Service Brakes, Hydraulic › Antilock/Traction Control/Electronic Limited Slip
13
2
0
0
Vehicle Speed Control
10
1
7
1
Service Brakes, Hydraulic › Foundation Components › Disc › Pads
5
0
0
0
Vehicle Speed Control › Cruise Control
4
0
2
0
Service Brakes, Hydraulic › Foundation Components
4
0
0
0
Power Train › Automatic Transmission
4
0
0
0
Electrical System
4
0
3
0
Tires
3
0
0
0
Steering
3
1
0
0
Service Brakes, Hydraulic › Foundation Components › Disc › Rotor
3
0
0
0
2 safety recalls
Part 573 reports
Exterior Lighting06E026000
Filed Mar 23, 200661,944 vehiclesPro-A Motors, Inc.
Defect. CERTAIN PRO-A MOTORS CORNER LAMPS, TURN SIGNALS, AND HEADLIGHTS SOLD AS REPLACEMENT LAMPS FOR USE ON CERTAIN PASSENGER VEHICLES LISTED ABOVE. SOME COMBINATION LAMPS THAT ARE NOT EQUIPPED WITH AMBER SIDE REFLECTORS FAIL TO CONFORM TO FEDERAL MOTOR VEHICLE SAFETY STANDARD NO. 108, LAMPS, REFLECTIVE DEVICES, AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT.
Risk. WITHOUT THE AMBER REFLECTORS, THE VEHICLE WILL BE POORLY ILLUMINATED, POSSIBLY RESULTING IN A VEHICLE CRASH WITHOUT WARNING.
Remedy. PRO-A MOTORS WILL NOTIFY OWNERS AND OFFER TO REPURCHASE THE LAMPS. THE RECALL BEGAN ON APRIL 3, 2006. OWNERS MAY CONTACT PRO-A MOTORS AT 323-838-2988.
Vehicle Speed Control05V388000
Filed Sep 7, 20054,500,000 vehiclesFord Motor Company
Defect. ON CERTAIN PICKUP TRUCKS AND SPORT UTILITY VEHICLES EQUIPPED WITH SPEED CONTROL, THE SPEED CONTROL DEACTIVATION SWITCH MAY OVERHEAT, SMOKE, OR BURN.
Risk. A FIRE AT THE SWITCH COULD OCCUR.
Remedy. BY LETTER DATED SEPTEMBER 12, 2005, OWNERS WERE INSTRUCTED TO RETURN THEIR VEHICLES TO THEIR DEALERS TO HAVE THE SPEED CONTROL DEACTIVATION SWITCH DISCONNECTED. OWNERS WHO HAVE HAD THEIR SPEED CONTROL DEACTIVATED ARE BEING NOTIFIED THAT PARTS WILL BE AVAILABLE AND ADVISED TO MAKE AN APPOINTMENT TO RECONNECT THE SPEED CONTROL BEGINNING IN FEBRUARY 2006. OWNERS WHO DID NOT HAVE THEIR SPEED CONTROL DEACTIVATED ARE BEING NOTIFIED TO HAVE THEIR SYSTEM REMEDIED BEGINNING IN FEBRUARY 2006. OWNERS ARE URGED TO AVAIL THEMSELVES OF THE FREE DISCONNECT SERVICE AS SOON AS POSSIBLE BECAUSE OF THE SIGNIFICANT RISK OF FIRE. OWNERS MAY CONTACT FORD AT 1-800-392-3673. (NOTE: ALSO SEE RECALLS 05V017 AND 06V286)
What owners reported
Newest filings
Vehicle Speed Control
Filed Feb 8, 2023NY
COMPONENT- CRUISE CONTROL CUTOUT SWITCH RECALL# 05S28. PERFORMED REPAIRED ON 6 JUNE 2006. CALLED MY DEALERSHIP REGARDING THIS RECALL, THEY ADAMANTLY REFUSE TO PERFORM A REPAIR ON MY VEHICLE DUE TO THE FACT THAT MY VEHICLE REPAIR HISTORY SHOWS NO OPEN RECALLS. HOWEVER AN SUPPLEMENTAL ORDER ORDER#16 WAS ISSUED SOMETIME IN 2016 BY FORD REGARDING THIS SAME MATTER STATED THAT THE REPAIRS PERFORMED DO NOT CORRECT THE PROBLEM AND A NEW PART MUST BE INSTALLED. MY VEHICLE DOES NOT HAVE THE REPAIR THAT CORRESPONDS TO THIS SUPPLEMENTAL ORDER, HENCE IT SHOWS NO OPEN RECALLS, APPARENTLY IT WAS IGNORED BY THE PREVIOUS OWNER. I CALLED FORD NATIONAL CUSTOMER SERVICE AND I WAS TOLD THAT IS UP TO THE DEALER. THE DEALER SERVICE MANAGER INFORMED ME THAT DUE TO NO RECALLS OPEN SHOWN IN MY VEHICLE REPAIR HISTORY I WOULD HAVE TO PAY FOR THE REPAIR LABOR AND THE PART. THE DANGER OF FIRE IS IMMINENT IF THIS IS NOT REPAIRED ASAP. I CANNOT DO THE REPAIR MYSELF OR OTHER THAN AN AUTHORIZED DEALER FOR IF ANYTHING HAPPENS I WILL BE LIABLE. I NEED THAT YOUR AGENCY ASSISTS ME WITH THIS VERY CRITICAL SITUATION.
Vehicle Speed ControlFire
Filed Sep 9, 2015VA
LETTER FROM CONGRESSMAN GRIFFITH ON BEHALF OF CONSTITUENT RE 1995 FORD BRONCO RECALL. *SMD THE CONSUMER STATED ON JUNE 16, 2015, HIS VEHICLE EXPLODED AND CAUGHT ON FIRE IN HIS DRIVEWAY. THE CONSUMER WAS INFORMED ABOUT A RECALL. HOWEVER, FORD CUSTOMER SERVICE CLAIM TO KNOW NOTHING ABOUT IT. *JB
Seat Belts
Filed Sep 9, 2014150,000 milesWA
THE SEAT BELT LATCH DISCONNECTS OR DOES NOT REMAIN SECURELY LATCHED. *TR
Vehicle Speed ControlFire
Filed Apr 10, 2012130,000 milesGA
TL* THE CONTACT OWNED A 1995 FORD BRONCO. THE CONTACT STATED THAT THE VEHICLE WAS PARKED WHEN IT ENGULFED INTO FLAME AND BURNED DOWN HIS HOME. THE CONTACT ALSO STATED THAT THE VEHICLE WAS COMPLETELY DESTROYED. IN ADDITION, AN INVESTIGATOR DETERMINED THAT THE FIRE WAS CAUSED BY THE CRUISE CONTROL DEACTIVATION SWITCH. THE FIRE AND POLICE DEPARTMENT WERE NOTIFIED. NO INJURIES RELATED TO THE FIRE WERE REPORTED. THE MANUFACTURER WAS NOT MADE AWARE OF THE FAILURE. THE VIN WAS NOT AVAILABLE. THE FAILURE AND CURRENT MILEAGES WERE 130,000.
Electrical SystemFire
Filed Jun 2, 2011125,000 milesLA
THE INCIDENT OCCURRED ON MAY 28, 2011 WHEN MY WIFE HAVING THOUGHT WHAT SHE HEARD WAS THUNDER LOOKED OUT OF THE KITCHEN WINDOW INTO THE BACKYARD, AND SAW SMOKE COMING OUT FROM UNDER THE HOOD OF THE VEHICLE A 1995 FORD BRONCO XLT. SHE THEN NOTIFIED ME AND I PROCEEDED OUTSIDE TO FIND THAT THE VEHICLE WAS INDEED ON FIRE. THE FIRE STARTED UNDERNEATH THE HOOD ON THE DRIVERS SIDE OF THE ENGINE COMPARTMENT DIRECTLY OVER THE DRIVERS SIDE TIRE. I ATTEMPTED TO EXTINGUISH THE FIRE USING A WATER HOSE, BUT WAS UNABLE TO DO SO. AT THE SAME TIME MY WIFE THEN CALLED THE LOCAL FIRE DEPARTMENT AROUND 9:30 A.M. AND THEY ARRIVED SHORTLY THEREAFTER. BY THE TIME THE FIREMEN WHERE ABLE TO EXTINGUISH THE FIRE THE ENTIRE ENGINE COMPARTMENT AS WELL AS THE INTERIOR OF THE VEHICLE WAS DESTROYED. THE WINDSHIELD ALONG WITH THE PASSENGER SIDE DOOR WINDOW HAD SHATTERED. THE PASSENGER SIDE TIRE WAS DAMAGED, AND THE DRIVERS SIDE TIRE WAS COMPLETELY DESTROYED. PRIOR TO THE INCIDENT THE IGNITION WAS NOT ON, THE ENGINE WAS NOT RUNNING, AND THE VEHICLE HAD NOT RAN FOR APPROXIMATELY ONE WEEK. AFTER DESCRIBING TO THE FIRE MARSHAL THE EVENTS THAT LEAD TO THE FIRE HE STATED THAT HE HAD ENCOUNTERED SIMILAR PROBLEMS WITH VEHICLES OF THE SAME MAKE AND YEAR MODEL WHICH WAS DETERMINED TO BE A RESULT OF A SPEED DEACTIVATION SWITCH. I THEN CALLED FORD AND USING THE VIN NUMBER DISCOVERED THAT THE THIS VEHICLE DID INDEED HAVE A RECALL FOR SUCH A SWITCH. I HAVE CONTACTED FORD AND AM CURRENTLY WAITING FOR A REPLY ON THE MATTER.
Vehicle Speed ControlFire
Filed Jun 1, 2011125,000 milesLA
TL*THE CONTACT OWNS A 1995 FORD BRONCO. THE CONTACT STATED THAT AFTER HEARING A LOUD THUNDER SOUND HE LOOKED OUT OF HIS WINDOW AND NOTICED FLAMES COMING FROM HIS VEHICLE. THE FIRE DEPARTMENT ADVISED HIM THAT THIS WAS AN OCCURRING FAILURE WITH THAT MODEL VEHICLE AND THERE WAS RECALL, NHTSA CAMPAIGN ID NUMBER, 05V388000, VEHICLE SPEED CONTROL. THE DEALER WAS CONTACTED AND REFERRED HIM TO THE MANUFACTURER. THE FAILURE MILEAGE WAS APPROXIMATELY 125,000.
Vehicle Speed ControlFire
Filed May 2, 2011220,000 milesWA
TL*THE CONTACT OWNS A 1995 FORD BRONCO. THE CONTACT STATED THAT THE VEHICLE WAS PARKED FOR THREE DAYS AND THEN CAUGHT FIRE. THE FIRE DEPARTMENT STATED THAT THE FAILURE WAS CAUSED BY THE CRUISE CONTROL MODULES. NHTSA CAMPAIGN ID NUMBER: 05V388000 (VEHICLE SPEED CONTROL) WAS RELATED TO THE CRUISE CONTROL DEACTIVATION SWITCH POTENTIALLY CATCHING FIRE. THE CONTACT DOES NOT KNOW IF THE VEHICLE WAS INCLUDED IN THE RECALL. THE FAILURE AND CURRENT MILEAGES WERE 220,000.
Vehicle Speed ControlFire
Filed Oct 5, 2010200,058 milesFL
TL*THE CONTACT OWNED A 1995 FORD BRONCO. WHILE THE VEHICLE WAS PARKED, A NEIGHBOR ADVISED HIM THAT THE VEHICLE WAS ON FIRE. THE CONTACT STATED THAT THE CRUISE CONTROL SWITCH CAUSED THE FIRE. THE FIRE DEPARTMENT WAS CALLED AND A REPORT WAS FILED. A POLICE REPORT WAS ALSO FILED. THE VEHICLE WAS DESTROYED. THE FAILURE MILEAGE WAS 200,058.
Electrical SystemFire
Filed Jun 3, 2010115,000 milesNY
I HAD AN UNFORTUNATE ACCIDENT OCCUR YESTERDAY WITH MY 1995 FORD BRONCO. ABOUT AN HOUR OR SO AFTER RETURNING HOME (VEHICLE PARKED IN DRIVEWAY), I NOTICED SMOKE AND FIRE POURING-OUT FROM UNDER ITS HOOD. FORTUNATELY I WAS ABLE TO EXTINGUISH THE FIRE WITH A NEARBY GARDEN HOSE, BUT THE VEHICLE IS A TOTAL LOSS. THE SAD THING IS THAT ALTHOUGH A 1995, IT HAD NEVER SEEN AN UPSTATE WINTER AND WAS AS CLOSE TO MINT AS IT GETS FOR A VEHICLE OF ITS AGE. THE 'HOT SPOT' APPEARS TO BE IN THE IMMEDIATE VICINITY OF THE MASTER CYLINDER, FOR WHICH FORD DID ISSUE A RECALL FOR A FAULTY CRUISE CONTROL HARNESS WHICH COULD RESULT IN A FIRE WHILE THE VEHICLE WAS PARKED. IRONICALLY I DID HAVE THE RECALL WORK PERFORMED...... THOUGH THIS SEEMS AWFULLY COINCIDENTAL. *TR
Steering
Filed May 11, 2010118,000 milesNV
TL*THE CONTACT OWNS A 1995 FORD BRONCO. WHILE DRIVING APPROXIMATELY 40 TO 45 MPH, THE VEHICLE WOULD CONTINUE TO MOVE TO THE LEFT. THE CONTACT HAD TO HOLD BOTH HANDS ON THE STEERING WHEEL TO AVOID A CRASH. THE CONTACT ALSO HEARD A NOISE IN THE STEERING WHEEL WHILE DRIVING. THE VEHICLE WAS TAKEN BACK TO THE PLACE OF PURCHASE AND WAS INFORMED THAT HE WOULD BE RESPONSIBLE FOR REPAIR EXPENSES. THE VEHICLE HAD NOT BEEN REPAIRED WHEN THE COMPLAINT WAS FILED. THE FAILURE MILEAGE WAS APPROXIMATELY 118,000. THE CURRENT MILEAGE WAS UNKNOWN.
Vehicle Speed ControlFire
Filed Sep 10, 2008140,000 milesLA
VEHICLE WAS DESTROYED BY FIRE. *TR
Vehicle Speed ControlCrashFire1 injured
Filed Mar 11, 200890,000 milesNJ
MY 1995 BRONCO CAUGHT ON FIRE AND TOTALLY BURNED UP ON NOVEMBER 21 2007 ON PINEWALD KESWICK ROAD IN BERKELEY TOWNSHIP. *TR
Vehicle Speed Control › Cruise Control
Filed May 10, 2007152,000 milesNY
TL*THE CONTACT OWNS A 1995 FORD BRONCO. THE CONTACT STATED THAT THE CRUISE CONTROL HAS STOPPED WORKING ON THE VEHICLE. THE CRUISE CONTROL WAS REPAIRED UNDER A RECALL APPROXIMATELY ONE AND A HALF YEARS AGO. THE VEHICLE HAS NOT BEEN DIAGNOSED. THE DEALER STATED THAT THEY WILL NOT REPAIR OR INSPECT THE VEHICLE FREE OF CHARGE. THE VEHICLE'S PURCHASE DATE WAS UNAVAILABLE. THE CURRENT AND FAILURE MILEAGES WERE 152,000.
Vehicle Speed Control › Cruise Control
Filed Dec 8, 2005139,283 milesAZ
DT: THE CONTACT STATES THERE IS NHTSA RECALL CAMPAIGN 05V388000 ON THE VEHICLE CONCERNING THE VEHICLE SPEED CONTROL:DEACTIVATION SWITCH. THE PARTS NEEDED TO REPAIR THE VEHICLE ARE NOT AVAILABLE AT THE LOCAL DEALERSHIP. HE SPOKE TO THE MANUFACTURER, WHO CONFIRMED THAT THE PARTS WERE NOT AVAILABLE. *AK UPDATED 1/4/2006 - *NM
Vehicle Speed Control › Cruise ControlFire
Filed Aug 19, 2005NC
DT: LAST WEEK FORD BRONCO CAUGHT ON FIRE. THE VEHICLE WAS IDLING IN FRONT OF THE CONSUMER'S HOUSE FOR JUST A FEW MINUTES. THE CONSUMER WAS IN THE VEHICLE. THE VEHICLE HAD NOT BEEN DRIVEN FOR ABOUT A DAY. THE LAST TIME IT WAS DRVIEN WAS THE DAY BEFORE FOR ABOUT AN HOUR AND A HALF. THE CONSUMER SAW A WHISP OF SMOKE COMING FROM HOOD. VEHICLE WOULDN'T GO INTO GEAR. THECONSUMER POPPED THE HOOD, THE FRONT END OF THE BRAKE MASTER CYLINDER WAS MELTING AND SMOKING. THE TOP OF THE MASTER CYLINDER WAS BURNED. THERE WERE NO FLAMES, JUST A SMOKING AND MELTING. THE LOCATION OF THIS IS DIRECTLY TO THE LEFT OF THE DRIVER UNDER THE HOOD IN THE ENGINE COMPARTMENT. AFTER THE OWNER NOTICED THE SMOKING AND MELTING, THERE WASN'T REALLY A FIRE, OWNER JUST HAD IT TOWED TO A MECHANIC. THE MECHANIC REPAIRED THE ENTIRE BRAKE MASTER CYLINDER AND A SENSOR. THE REPAIR COSTED $300. THE MECHANIC SAID HE HAD SEEN THIS KIND OF FIRE BEFORE. THE CONSUMER CONTACTED FORD, WHO ADVISED HIM TO CONTACT THE INSURANCE COMPANY. THEY OFFERED NO FURTHER ASSISTANCE. THE FRONT END AND THE ENGINE WERE THE SAME AS THE FORD F 150. THE MECHANICS REPORT NOTED THAT 1L1Z-9F924-AA WAS THE NUMBER OF THE PART THAT THE MECHANIC REPLACED.*AK
Tires
Filed Aug 8, 2005FL
DT: CONSUMER STATED THAT THE REMINGTON WIDE BRUTE TIRE FAILED. THIS WAS THE SECOND TIRE THAT FAILED. . THE FIRST ONE WAS ON THE INSIDE WALL WHICH CREATED A BUBBLE. THE RUBBER PULLED AWAY FROM THE TIRE. THE TIRE WAS NEVER HIT ON A CURB NOR HAD ANY OTHER PUNCTURES. CONSUMER CALLED THE DEALER AND FILED A COMPLAINT. THE SECOND TIRE FAILED ON THE OUTSIDE TREAD WHICH RIPPED OFF. THE TIRE HAD NOT BEEN HIT, AND THE BANDS SNAPPED TWICE. THE TREAD WAS STILL GOOD ALTHOUGH. THE LOCATION WAS ON THE REAR PASSENGER'S SIDE, AND THE SECOND ONE WAS ON THE DRIVER'S SIDE REAR. CONSUMER HAD NOT CALLED THE TIRE MANUFACTURER. THE VEHICLE WAS VIBRATING AT 60 MPH. CONSUMER PURCHASED BOTH SETS OF TIRES AT THE SAME DEALERSHIP. THE CONSUMER CHANGED THE FIRST TIRE WITH ANOTHER BRAND, AND THE SECOND TIRE WAS ALSO A DIFFERENT BRAND. *AK
Vehicle Speed Control › Cruise ControlFire
Filed Jul 15, 2005127,000 milesID
DT: THE CONSUMER STATES THAT T 1995 FORD BRONCO CAUGHT ON FIRE AND BURNT ON JULY 14, 2005. THE VEHICLE HAD BEEN DRIVEN TO WORK. THE VEHICLE WAS PARKED AND TURNED OFF. THE VEHICLE HAD BEEN PARKED FOR ABOUT ONE HOUR AND A HALF. THE DRIVER HEARD A LOUD POPPING SOUND AND SAW SMOKE, THE SMOKE HAD FILLED THE INTER COMPARTMENT OF THE VEHICLE. THE DRIVER OPENED THE HOOD, AND THE TRUCK HAD FLAMES COMING OUT OF THE LEFT HAND PORTION OF THE ENGINE COMPARTMENT. THE FIRE WAS EXTINGUISHED BY THE DRIVER. THE WEEK BEFORE THE OWNERS WERE ON A TRIP AND THE CRUISE CONTROL DID NOT WORK IN THE VEHICLE. THEY ONLY DISCOVERED THAT THE CRUISE CONTROL DID NOT WORK LAST WEEK. PRIOR TO THIS, THE VEHICLE HAD NOT HAD ANY PROBLEMS. THE VEHICLE WAS KEPT REGULARLY MAINTAINED. THERE IS A FIRE DEPARTMENT REPORT. THERE WERE NO INJURIES. THERE ARE NO PICTURES FROM AFTER THE FIRE AT THE LOCATION, BUT THE OWNER IS GOING TO TAKE PICTURES TODAY. THE TRUCK HAS ALREADY BEEN MOVED FROM THE ORIGINAL LOCATION. THE INFORMATION PROVIDED IS ALL THE CONSUMER HAS PROVIDED.*AK
Electrical SystemFire
Filed Apr 25, 2005160,000 milesTN
THE VEHICLE WAS PARKED WHEN ALL OF A SUDDEN THE ENGINE COMPARTMENT CAUGHT ON FIRE. RESULTS SHOWED THAT THERE WAS AN ELECTRICAL SHORTAGE IN THE ENGINE. *JB *BF
I BOUGHT MY 1995 BRONCO NEW FROM ACADEMY FORD IN LAUREL MD. I HAVE KEPT UP ALL MAINTENANCE AND WARRANTY REPAIRS. A FEW DAYS AGO IN MID APRIL 2005 I NOTICED SOME CORROSION ON THE REAR SPRING SHACKLE BRACKETS. I INSPECTED THE BRACKET CLOSER AND FOUND THAT THE BRACKETS HAD ORIGINALLY BEEN PAINTED WITH A HEAVY COAT OF BLACK PAINT. UNDER THIS BLACK PAINT ON ALL THE BRACKETS CORROSION HAS COMPLETELY DESTROYED THE INTEGRITY OF THE BRACKET. LARGE FLAKES OF RUSTED METAL ABOUT 1/16" THICK CAME OFF IN MY HAND. I'M NOT SURE HOW MUCH OF THE BRACKET METAL IS LEFT. AS SOON AS I ASCERTAINED THE EXTENT OF THE CORROSION I MADE AN APPOINTMENT TO HAVE THE SITUATION ASSESSED BY MY LOCAL FORD SERVICE DEPARTMENT. MY CONCERN IS THAT THESE CRITICAL BRACKETS SHOULD NEVER HAVE RUSTED TO A STATE OF COMPLETE DECAY . THESE BRACKETS HOLD THE REAR LEAF SPRINGS TO THE FRAME OF THE VEHICLE. SHOULD THEY FAIL DUE TO CORROSION I FEEL THE CONSEQUENCES WOULD UNDOUBTABLELY BE CATASTROPHIC. *AK THIS VEHICLE HAS NOT BEEN SUBJECTED TO ANY UNDUE TREATMENT. I DO NOT PULL TRAILERS OR PLOW SNOW OR ANY OTHER CONDITIONS WHICH MIGHT CAUSE UNDUE STRESSES TO THE VEHICLE'S FRAME. I WAS VERY CAREFUL IN WINTER TO WASH OFF ANY ROAD SALTS OR SANDS THAT COULD ACCELERATE CORROSION. BUT MY BEST EFFORTS TO PROLONG THE VEHICLES LIFETIME ARE THWARTED BY A PROCESS THAT DID NOT PROTECT A CRITCAL BRACKET WHOSE FAILURE IS EMMINENT. THE BRONCO IS A FINE VEHICLE, I'VE HAD A FEW PROBLEMS THAT SEEMED REASONABLE FOR ME TO FIX, BUT THE CORROSION T
Unknown or Other
Filed Jan 15, 2004125,000 milesCA
THE RIGHT SIDE OF THE DASH HAS COME LOOSE AND BOUNCES WHEN TRAVERSING SPEED BUMPS AND ROUGH ROADS. THIS IS A KNOWN ISSUE WITH A FORD ENGINEERED MODIFICATION MADE IN PRODUCTION AND THE FORD DEALER IN POWAY DID NOT EVEN KNOW ABOUT IT.
Complaint counts track how many cars were sold and how long they have been on the road as much as they track quality. A common model from 2013 has had a decade to accumulate reports; a rare one from last year has not. The signal worth weighing is in the severity columns, in whether the same component keeps appearing, and in whether the manufacturer eventually opened a recall for it.
Recall repairs are free for as long as the recall stands. Check whether a specific car still has open work at NHTSA's VIN lookup.
Most recent recall on file: Mar 23, 2006. Source: NHTSA Office of Defects Investigation.