2015 Dodge Durango complaints

THE ACTIVE HEAD RESTRAINT OF THE FRONT PASSENGER SEAT WAS DEPLOYED WHILE THE VEHICLE WAS PARKED OVERNIGHT, DUE TO THE FAULTY PLASTIC HOUSING OF THE RETAINING PIN. THE PIN JUST TORE THROUGH THE PLASTIC WHILE REMAINING IN THE LATCH ITSELF. LOOKING THROUGH THE INTERNET I CAN SEE THAT THIS IS NOT AN ISOLATED INCIDENT. SEEMS TO BE HAPPENING QUITE FREQUENTLY TO FCA CARS. OBVIOUSLY THERE IS A DESIGN FLAW ON THE COMPOSITION OF THE PLASTIC USED BY FCA FOR THE HOUSING, WHICH WEAKENS WITH TIME UNDER THE CONSTANT LOAD OF THE HEAVY SPRINGS. DIDN'T SEEM TO BE ABLE TO FIND A RECALL FOR IT THOUGH. THIS IS A SERIOUS SAFETY CONCERN! I AM NOW WORRIED THAT THE DRIVER'S SIDE IS NEXT AND I MIGHT ACTUALLY BE DRIVING WHEN IT HAPPENS!!!

MY 2015 DURANGO DOESN'T GET USED MUCH NOW A DAYS. THE DRIVER SAID HEAD RESTRAINT DEPLOYED WITH OUT AN ACCIDENT. I'VE LOOKED THIS UP AND IT SEEMS TO BE AN ISSUE WITH CHRYSLER. DEALERSHIP IS CHARGING ME A LOT OF MONEY TO GET IT FIXED.

HIT A TELEPHONE POLE ON FRIDAY 7/24 NO AIRBAGS DEPLOYED VEHICLE IS TOTALED BRUISED CHEST ARMS LEGS FEET HANDS ON A TOWN STREET*DT*JB

UPON ENTERING VEHICLE, ACTIVE HEAD RESTRAINT DEVICE IN PASSENGER SEAT HEADREST DEPLOYED WHILE MY WIFE WAS IN THE SEAT. IT HIT HER ON THE BACK OF THE HEAD AND LEFT HER WITH A HEADACHE AND BACK PAIN.*DT CONSUMER STATED WIFE'S PAIN IS STILL ONGOING. DEALERSHIP WAS CONTACTED AND SAID THEY WOULD REPLACE THE HEADREST AT NO ADDITIONAL COST.*JB

WE WERE DRIVING OUR 2015 DODGE DURANGO AND WE CAME TO A STOP SIGN. WHEN WE PULLED AWAY FROM THE STOP SIGN AND THE VEHICLE WAS IN MOTION THE SAFETY ASSIST HEADREST ON THE PASSENGER SIDE FIRED OFF WITHOUT WARNING STRIKING ME IN THE BACK OF THE HEAD. I ENDED UP IN THE ER AND GETTING A CT SCAN AND WAS DIAGNOSED WITH A CONCUSSION.

THE HEAD REST TO THE PASSENGER FRONT SEAT EJECTED. IT'S CUSHION IS BROKEN APART FROM WHAT HOLDS THE COMPONENT. WHILE ON PARK AND THE SEAT WAS EMPTY.

REAR TAIL LIGHT (RACETRACK LIGHT) PORTION BURNED OUT. IT WAS IMPROPERLY SEALED AND ALLOWED WATER RUNOFF TO COLLECT INSIDE BOTTOM PART. THIS CAUSES THE RACETRACK LIGHT TO BURNOUT. THIS IS A HAZARD THAT IF NOT FIXED AND TAIL LIGHTS GO OUT WHILE DRIVING, COULD CAUSE AN ACCIDENT AND SERIOUSLY INJURE PEOPLE.

THE AIR BAG LIGHT GOES ON/OFF. DEALER SAYS IT IS A FAULTY WIRING OR CONNECTION AND HAVE TO TAKE OUT THE PASSENGER SEAT. THEY TOLD ME THAT THE AIR BAG SYSTEM IS OFF WHEN IT DETECTS SOME FAULT. THEY ARE CHARGING ME $400.00 TO TRY TO FIX THE PROBLEM. I HAVE NO CHOICE BUT TO FIX. REAR SHOCKS ARE LEAKING, WHY I DO NOT KNOW.

TRANSMISSION WILL NOT SHIFT TO ANY GEAR.SEAT BELT ON DOORS ALL CLOSED ,ONLY HAD ONE CODE RELATED LAST YEAR SHIFT MODULE U0002-88, SENT TO DEALER ,SAID NO CODES,I NEVER ERASED CODES,THIS HAS BEEN TO DEALERSHIP SO MANY TIMES I DONT KNOW HOW MANY,SAID ITS CUSTOMER ERROR. BULL (@#$%).IF CHRYSLER CANT FIX IT,THEY SHOULD BUY THIS JUNK BACK.

WHILE DRIVING THE VEHICLE RANDOMLY STALLED/DIED, THOUGH THE INSTRUMENT CLUSTER/ELECTRONICS STAYED ON. I TRIED TO START THE VEHICLE, BUT THE ENGINE WOULDN'T TURN OVER. THE INSTRUMENT CLUSTER CYCLED THROUGH RANDOM ERROR MESSAGES "VEHICLE PHONE REQUIRES SERVICE, SERVICE AIRBAG SYSTEM, OIL PRESSURE LOW, SERVICE ELECTRONIC THROTTLE CONTROL". DODGE DEALERSHIP SAID THEY COULDN'T REPLICATE THE ISSUE, AND SENT ME HOME. ON 4/4/2020, AND 6/626/2020 THE ENGINE WOULDN'T TURN OVER DESPITE THE INSTRUMENT CLUSTER TURNING ON. ON 4/15/2020 THE DEALERSHIP SAID THE BATTERY WAS DEFECTIVE AND CHARGED ME TO REPLACE IT, BUT THE ISSUE IS STILL NOT RESOLVED. ON 5/1/2020 THE TRUNK RANDOMLY OPENED WHILE THE VEHICLE WAS OFF AND IN MY DRIVEWAY, IT WAS RAINING. ON 5/27/2020, WHILE DRIVING IN A STORM, THE INSTRUMENT CLUSTER SAID "SERVICE ELECTRONIC BRAKES, BRAKE FLUID LOW" AND THE PARKING BRAKE LIGHT KEPT COMING ON AND OFF. THE ERRORS NEVER SHOWED UP AGAIN AFTER THE VEHICLE DRIED OFF. ON 6/26/2020, A DAY AFTER A THUNDERSTORM, THE ENGINE WOULDN'T TURN OVER EVEN THOUGH THE INSTRUMENT CLUSTER CAME ON. THE IGNITION WAS STUCK IN "RUN", AND THE P/R/N/D LIGHTS WERE ALL ON, AND THE INSTRUMENT CLUSTER SAID "SERVICE TRANSMISSION CONTINUE IN D DO NOT SHIFT OR TURN ENGINE OFF"; BUT THE ENGINE WAS OFF. I HAD TO DISCONNECT THE BATTERY TO TURN THE VEHICLE ELECTRONICS OFF. *** EVERY SINGLE TIME THE VEHICLE HAS DIED WHILE DRIVING OR FAILED TO START WHILE PARKED, I HAVE GOTTEN A U0100 ENGINE CODE SAN ANTONIO DODGE CHRYSLER J

VEHICLE WAS STATIONARY IN OUR GARAGE. WIFE WENT TO GET INTO PASSENGER SIDE SEAT AND HEADREST EXPLODED. *TR

I WAS DRIVING DOWN THE STREET AND MY HEADREST IN MY CAR POPPED AND HIT MY DAUGHTER IN THE HEAD. *TR

WATER LEAKS INTO REAR LIGHT ON THE TAILGATE ON A REGULAR BASIS. WHETHER THE CAR IS PARKED WHEN IT'S RAINING OUTSIDE OR I'M DRIVING IN THE RAIN, WATER GETS INTO THE LIGHT AND NOW THE PASSENGER SIDE PORTION OF THE LIGHT NO LONGER WORKS. AS MORE WATER GETS IN OVER TIME I FEAR MORE OF THE LIGHTS WILL GO OUT WHICH COULD POTENTIALLY CAUSE AN ACCIDENT OR ELECTRICAL ISSUES INSIDE THE TAILGATE. I HAVE READ THAT THIS IS A VERY COMMON ISSUE WITH DODGE DURANGO'S FROM 2014+ THRU THE PRESENT. SOME OWNERS HAVE SHARED THAT AS THIS ISSUE WORSENS THE LIGHTS FLICKER WHICH COULD MAKE OTHER DRIVERS THINK YOU ARE BRAKING WHICH AGAIN COULD CAUSE A MOTOR ACCIDENT AND EVEN LOSS OF LIFE. DODGE HAS NOT ADDRESSED THIS ISSUE AND CHARGES APPROXIMATELY $1,000 TO FIX WHEN A BETTER GASKET AND SEALANT AROUND THE LIGHT HOUSING COULD FIX THE ISSUE FOR A FRACTION OF THE PRICE. *TR

ON APRIL 26, 2020 THE ACTIVE HEAD RESTRAINT (AHR) ON THE PASSENGER SIDE OF MY VEHICLE UNEXPECTEDLY DEPLOYED WHILE IN OPERATION AT NORMAL CONDITIONS/SPEED LIMITS (30-35 MPH) ON A RESIDENTIAL STREET. NO ACCIDENTS OR INJURIES WERE INCURRED, HOWEVER THE HEAD REST HAS BEEN FULLY DETACHED AND IS NOW HANGING OPEN, REVEALING ALL EXPOSED MATERIALS INSIDE. PER THEDODGEDEALERSHIP AND MOPAR (EXTENDED WARRANTY SERVICES), REPAIR WAS NOT COVERED AND THERE WOULD BE OUT-OF-POCKET CHARGES FOR PARTS AND SERVICE UP TO $900. UPON FURTHER RESEARCH, THIS COSTLY SAFETY ISSUE IS BEING EXPERIENCED BY OTHERDODGEVEHICLE OWNERS SOME OF WHOM HAVE GOTTEN THE FCA TO COVER ASSOCIATED COSTS; AND THERE IS ALSO A CLASS ACTION LAWSUIT IN FL AS OF FEB. 2020. HOPEFULLY THIS DANGEROUS DEFECT AND AN UNREASONABLE SAFETY RISK IS GRANTED A RECALL TO REMEDY THE SITUATION SOON BEFORE SOMEONE IS SERIOUSLY HURT. THANK YOU FOR ALL THAT YOU DO AND YOUR SUPPORT IN THE MATTER. *TR

THE PASSENGER SIDE HEADREST POPPED OFF. STATIONARY. *TR

I MADE A COMPLAINT ON SATURDAY BUT DID NOT ATTACH PHOTOGRAPHS. WHILE WE WERE DRIVING OUR 2015 DODGER DURANGO I NEEDED TO PULL OVER TO CHECK ON MY CHILDREN. I WAS NOT IN ANY TRAFFIC ACCIDENT AS I WAS DRIVING THE POSTED SPEED LIMIT OF 35 ON THE STREET. WHEN MY WIFE AND I EXITED THE VEHICLE THE PASSENGER HEADREST DEPLOYED. SCARED AND UNSURE WHAT HAPPENED, I ASKED MY WIFE IF SHE HAD TOUCHED OR PULLED THE HEADREST. SHE STATED THEY SHE DID NOT. WE WERE NOT AWARE NOR INFORMED AT THE TIME OF PURCHASE THAT THIS VEHICLE HAS A SAFETY FEATURE THAT DEPLOYS THE HEAD REST IN A REAR AND COLLISION. I BEGAN RESEARCHING THIS ISSUE ONLINE AND FOUND THAT THIS HAS BEEN OCCURRING FOR SEVERAL YEARS. WITH SOME CASES LEADING TO INJURY AND LITIGATION. SCARED, I TOOK IT THE FOLLOWING MORNING TO THE DEALERSHIP ON WHICH WE PURCHASED THE VEHICLE. THEY HELD IT FOR THE DAY, INSPECTED THE VEHICLE, RAN DIAGNOSTICS. THE END RESULT WAS THAT MY EXTENDED WARRANTY DID NOT COVER A DEFECTIVE SAFETY FEATURE HEAD REST. NOW I HAVE TO PAY $970.00 DOLLARS TO REPAIR OR DRIVE THE VEHICLE WITHOUT THIS SAFETY FEATURE. I AM CURRENTLY CALLING FCA THE PARENT COMPANY FOR DODGE TO ADDRESS THIS ISSUE. *TR

WHILE DRIVING I PULLED OVER AND MY WIFE AND I EXITED THE VEHICLE TO CHECK ON OUR TWO CRYING TODDLERS, WHEN MY WIFE EXCITED THE PASSENGER SIDE OF THE VEHICLE A LOUD BANG OCCURRED AND THE HEADREST EJECTED FORWARD. I ASKED MY WIFE IF SHE HAD TOUCHED THE HEAD REST AND STATED SHE DID NOT. WE RESEARCHED THIS ISSUE AND IT'S A SAFETY MECHANISM DESIGNED FOR REAR IMPACT COLLISIONS TO PREVENT WHIPLASH. WE WERE NOT IN AN ACCIDENT, WE WERE DRIVING AND PULLED OVER. WE PULLED OVER ON SURFACE STEERS. NO IMPACT TO THE VEHICLE. I TOOK THE VEHICLE TO THE DEALERSHIP THIS MORNING AND THEY ARE LOOKING INTO THE ISSUE. I FEEL FROM CONDUCTING RESEARCH THAT THE DEALERSHIP WILL NOT REPAIR THIS SAFETY MECHANISM. *TR

WATER IS POOLING IN MY TRACK LIGHTING. I HAVE TO TAKE THE BOLTS OUT TO EMPTY IT. NOW THE LIGHTS ARE FAILING!!! *TR

LIFTERS DEALERSHIP SAID THE WARRANTY ENDED IN FEBRUARY THIS YR. THAT'S NOT FAIR MY HAS 86000 MILES ON IT. *TR

TAIL LIGHT COLLECTS WATER WHILE IN MOTION ON ANY ROAD OR STATIONARY. LIGHTS SHORT OUT WHICH CAN BE HAZARDOUS WHEN DRIVING IN THE RAIN OR AT NIGHT. *TR

THE HEADREST POPPED OPEN WHILE I WAS SITTING IN THE DRIVERS SEAT. I HAD JUST STOPPED THE VEHICLE AND THE ENGINE WAS STILL RUNNING. AS I WAS SITTING THE HEADREST POPPED OPEN ON ITS OWN. *TR

REAR GATE TAILLIGHT FILLED WITH WATER SHORTING OUT LIGHTS OVER $1000 TO FIX STUPID. *TR

I HAD JUST PARKED THE VEHICLE AND WAS GETTING MY KID OUT OF HIS CAR SEAT WHEN THE HEADREST JUST EXPLODED. THERE WAS NO COLLISION OR NEAR A REAR COLLISION. *TR

WENT OUT TO VEHICLE IN THE MORNING TO GO TO WORK,NOTICED PASSENGER HEADREST AIRBAG WAS DEPLOYED. VEHICLE WAS NOT USED DURING THE EVENING,PARKED AFTER COMING HOME FROM WORK. *TR

REAR TAIL LIGHT (RACETRACK LIGHT) WAS IMPROPERLY SEALED AND ALLOWS WATER RUNOFF TO COLLECT INSIDE BOTTOM PART OF RACETRACK LIGHTING. THIS CAUSES THE RACETRACK LIGHT TO BURNOUT AND EVENTUALLY STOP WORKING ENTIRELY. THIS IS A HAZARD THAT IF NOT FIXED AND TAIL LIGHTS GO OUT WHILE DRIVING, COULD CAUSE AN ACCIDENT AND SERIOUSLY INJURE PEOPLE. THIS IS THE MOST COMMON AND WORST ISSUE WITH NEWER DURANGO'S AND BECAUSE OF POOR DESIGN UNKNOWN TO PURCHASER, SHOULD NOT COME OUT OF POCKET. MOST DEALERSHIPS ARE CHARGING ANYWHERES FROM $1000-$1300 TO FIX. A GOOGLE SEARCH WILL SHOW THIS ISSUE WITH NEARLY EVERY DURANGO WITH 'RACETRACK' LIGHTING AND SHOULD BE FIXED BEFORE IT CAUSES ACCIDENTS IF IT HASN'T ALREADY. PLEASE HELP US! *TR

VEHICLE WAS IN PARK. GOT INTO VEHICLE WHILE IT WAS UNATTENDED FOR SEVERAL HOURS OVER NIGHT. PASSENGER HEADREST WAS DEPLOYED. *TR

REAR TAILGATE LED LIGHT AND PLATE LIGHTS SHORTED OUT AND ARE NON FUNCTIONAL DUE TO WATER LEAKING INTO LIGHT ASSEMBLY FROM BAD SEALING PROCESS. *TR

WATER IS POOLING IN RACETRACK TAIL LIGHT WHEN IT RAINS.

PASSENGER SIDE ACTIVE HEAD RESTRAINT (AHR) MALFUNCTIONED BY UNEXPECTEDLY DEPLOYING. VEHICLE WAS NOT IN MOTION AND WAS NOT REAR ENDED.

GETTING IN THE PASSENGER SEAT THE HEAD REST POPED OUT. WHILE THE CAR WAS IN PARK AND NO ACCIDENT. NOW I AM SCARED THE DRIVERS HEADREST WILL DO THE SAME WHILE I AM DRIVING.

MY REAL RACETRACK LIGHT SHUT DOWN BECAUSE OF THE WATER INSIDE OF IT. *TR

AFRTER 2 MONTHS OF OWNERSHIP WITH 73000 MILES ON IT THIS SUV ITS TURNING OFF WHILE DRIVING THIS IS THE 5TH TIME IT HAPPENDS WHILE IS OFF WIPERS MOVE BY IT SELFS DOORS AND ALARM OPEN AND CLOSES JUST LIKE ITS HAUNTED TOOK IT TO THE DEALER AND THEY SAY NITHING WRONG WITH IT IM AFRAID FOR MY LIFE AND MY KIDS I HAVE READ AND SEEN A LOT A LOT OF COMPLAINTS ABOUT THUS ISSUE AND DODGE HAS DONE NOTHING ABOUT IT !! WHILE DRIVING THIS DEAD TRAP

DODGE DURANGO WATER IN TAILLIGHTS CAUSES WATERLOG IN THE LED LIGHTING AREA AND NOT DRAINING LED OUT ON THE LEFT SIDE OF VEHICLE. REPLACING ITEM COST AROUND $1085.00 AND UP MANUFACTURING DESIGN DEFECT. VEHICLE HAS 31954 MILES ON IT.

LIGHT ASSEMBLY ON REAR HATCH DOES NOT SEAL PROPERLY ALLOWING FOR WATER TO PENETRATE AND RETAIN IN LIGHT HOUSING, CAUSING TURN SIGNALS TO SHORT AND FAIL.

HEAD REST RESTRAINT DEPLOYED WHILE DRIVING PASSENGER SEAT.*DT *JS

WATER HAS GOTTEN INTO THE TAILLIGHT WHICH CAUSES THE LED LIGHTS TO SHORT OUT.

LIFTGATE RACE TRACK LIGHTING FILLS WITH WATER. ONE PORTION OF THE LED WENT OUT, NOW THE ENTIRE LIGHT IS BURNED OUT.

I HAVE ALREADY WENT THROUGH 3 REAR TRACKLIGHTS ON THIS VEHICLE (IT IS THE LARGE TAILLAP ON THE BACK OF THE CAR) THE MOST RECENT PHOTO SHOWS A LOT OF WATER IN IT.

LIFTGATE RACE TRACK LIGHTING FILLS WITH WATER. ONE PORTION OF THE LED WENT OUT, NOW THE ENTIRE LIGHT IS BURNED OUT.

WHEN IT RAINS A SIGNIFICANT AMOUNT OF WATER POOLS IN THE RACETRACK STYLE TAILIGHT OF THE VEHICLE. IT SUBSEQUENTLY BURNS OUT THE LIGHT IN THE AREA WHERE THE WATER POOLS.

REAR TAILLIGHT/BACKUP LIGHT ASSEMBLY ALLOWED WATER PENETRATION AND SUBSEQUENTLY SHORTED OUT SOME OF THE LED BULBS INSIDE THE ASSEMBLY. REAR LIGHTING AT NIGHT IS IMPAIRED AND MAKES VEHICLE LESS LIKELY TO BE SEEN AT A DISTANCE AT NIGHT. ASSEMBLY INCLUDES THE BACKUP CAMERA AND IS ONLY REPLACEABLE AS THE ENTIRE LIGHTING/CAMERA UNIT. DEALER HAS INDICATED THAT THE UNIT IS NOT REPAIRABLE AND IT IS NOT BEING REPLACED BY FICA. CONTINUED WATER PENETRATION COULD ALSO SHORT OUT THE BACKUP CAMERA AND MAKING IT IN VIOLATION OF FEDERAL LAW.

MT REAR, CENTER TAIL LIGHT HAS WATER INSIDE WHICH HAS CAUSED THE LIGHT TO SLOWLY DIE OUT.

TL* THE CONTACT OWNS 2015 DODGE DURANGO. THE CONTACT STATED THAT DURING INCLEMENT WEATHER, THE REAR TAILLAMPS ALLOWED FOR WATER INTRUSION IN THE TAILLAMP HOUSING WHICH CAUSED THE BULBS TO BURN OUT PREMATURELY. THE VEHICLE WAS TAKEN OT THE DEALER WALDORF DODGE RAM 2294 CRAIN HWY WALDORF, MD 20601 (240) 754-2990 WHERE IT WAS INSPECTED, NOT DIAGNOSED NOR REPAIRED. THE MANUFACTURER WAS NOT MADE AWARE OF THE FAILURE. THE FAILURE MILEAGE WAS 50,000. THE VIN WAS NOT AVAILABLE.

WATER IN THE TAIL LIGHTS. EVERY TIME I GET THE CAR WASHED OR IT RAINS I HAVE TO DRAIN THE TAILLIGHT. I'M SO AFRAID THAT THE WATER WILL SHORT OUT THE ELECTRICAL SYSTEM OR BURN OUT THE TAILLIGHTS, THEN I WOULD HAVE TO PAY $600 FOR A NEW ONE.

WATER HAS COLLECTED IN REAR TAILGATE LIGHTS WHICH HAS CAUSED LIGHTS TO MALFUNCTION INCLUDING LICENSE PLATE LIGHTS.

WATER COLLECTS IN THE REAR TAILLIGHT ASSEMBLY CAUSING LED LIGHTING TO SHORT OUT AND BECOME NON FUNCTIONING. NOT SURE IF WATER COLLECTED IN ASSEMBLY WHILE VEHICLE IS MOVING OR STATIONARY.

2015 DURANGO RT/AWD - WATER POOLS IN THE CENTER TAIL LAMP LED AND SHORTS IT OUT, MAKING NOT ONLY THE "RACE TRACK" PORTION OF THE LED LIGHTING FAIL, BUT THE TAG LIGHTING ALSO, TICKET ISSUED FROM HIGHWAY PATROL. REPLACEMENT MODULE IS $700+ THIS IS A WELL KNOW AND COMMON OCCURRENCE

THE REAR DECK LID TAIL LIGHTS FILL WITH WATER EVENTUALLY SHORTING OUT THE LIGHTS AND IMPACTING THE ABILITY FOR OTHER DRIVERS TO SEE THE VEHICLE FROM THE REAR. OVER TIME THIS MAY LEAD TO OTHER ELECTRICAL PROBLEMS AS IT IS NEVER GOOD TO HAVE WATER ACCUMULATING IN THE TAIL LIGHTS. THE BACKUP CAMERA IS ALSO SHARED IN THIS COMPONENT. THIS APPEARS TO BE A KNOWN ISSUE THAT FCA DODGE APPEARS TO BE IGNORING. THE ONLY SOLUTION OFFERED IS TO REPLACE THE COMPONENT WITH ANOTHER WHICH INCLUDES THE BACKUP CAMERA FOR $1000.

EXTERIOR TAIL LIGHTS AND BAR COLLECT WATER WHICH BURNS OUT THE LEDS. NO WAY TO REPLACE INDIVIDUAL LED NEED TO REPLACE THE BAR WHICH IS OVER $1000.00. IS A NIGHT TIME HAZARD SINCE THE LIGHTS ARE BURNT OUT AND PROGRESSIVELY GETTING WORSE. STARTED AS SMALL BLACK SPOT IN BOTTOM CORNER AND IS NOW SPREADING. SPOKE TO DODGE AND IT'S NOT COVERED! STARTED WHEN CAR HAD LESS THEN 40K MILES ON IT.

WATER GETTING INTO THE 'RACETRACK' PORTION OF THE REAR TAIL LIGHTS CAUSING MALFUNCTION INCLUDING MELTING AND SNORTING OUT WIRES.