Page 22 of 23 · complaints 1,051–1,100 of 1,135

1999 Honda Accord complaints

Owner reports filed with NHTSA about this vehicle, newest first and reproduced as filed. They are unverified accounts: one proves nothing, and a pattern across many is the thing worth reading. Back to the full 1999 record →

Air Bags › FrontalCrash
Filed Jul 31, 2000FL

CONSUMER WAS INVOLVED IN A FRONTAL COLLISION IN WHICH DRIVER'S AIR BAG DID NOT DEPLOY, CAUSE UNKNOWN. PLEASE GIVE ANY FURTHER DETAILS. *AK

Power Train › Automatic Transmission
Filed Jul 25, 2000KS

ENGINE SHIFTS DOWN WHEN ACCELERATING FROM A SLOW STOP. FEELS LIKE IT IS GOING TO STALL BUT IF YOU CONTINUE TO REMAIN ON THE GAS IT LURCHES. IT'S LIKE THE TRANSMISSION DOWN SHIFTS BEFORE ACCELERATION. *AK

Suspension
Filed Jul 20, 2000CA

A BANGING NOISE AND A VIBRATION ARE EXPERIENCED WHEN THE ENGINE IS STARTED. IT HAPPENS IN EVERY NEW HONDA ACCORD LX 1999 AND 2000 YEAR CAR AS THE DEALER LET ME TESTED THESE CARS IN STOCK. IT IS NOT ONLY UNCOMFORTABLE BUT ALSO DANGEROUS BECAUSE NOISE AND VIBRATION LOOSES SCREWS AND CONNECTIONS FOR THE LONG RUN. IF THIS IS NOT CORRECTED, SOME CONNECTIONS MAY DROP AND CAUSE ACCIDENTS.*AK

Seat Belts › Front › Retractor
Filed Jul 18, 2000CA

VEHIICLE HESISTATED WHEN ACCLERATING AND IT STALLED. THIS CONDITION ALMOST CAUSED A CRASH, WHICH COULD HAVE BEEN FATAL. VEHICLE HAS BEEN CHECKED FOR TROUBLE OVER 3 OR 4 TIMES IN THE LAST 6 MONTHS. DEALERSHIP HAS BEEN UNABLE TO CORRECT THIS PROBLEM. *AK VEHICLE HAS STALLED AT FOUR OCCASIONS WHEN TRYING TO PULL INTO TRAFFIC OR ACCELERATE. BRAKE ROTORS WERE WARPPED AND REAR DRUM WERE SCORED PREMATURELY. CLINCKING NOISE IN THE STEERING COLUMN DUE TO COMBO SWITCH FAILURE. DRIVER SEAT BELT SQUEAKE WHEN LEANING FORWARD OR BACKWARD DUE TO RETRACTER FAILURE. *YH

Engine and Engine Cooling › Engine › Gasoline
Filed Jul 16, 2000AL

PAINT ON HOOD IS CHIPPING AND PAINT ALL OVER CAR CRACKS EASILY. ENGINE FAILS TO START OR TAKES SEVERAL TRIES TO TURN OVER. DEALER FAILED TO DUPLICATE. NO SAFETY DEFECT INDICATED. *AK

Tires › Tread/Belt
Filed Jul 3, 2000WV

THE TWO ORIGINALMICHELIN TIRES TREAD SEPARATED. YH

Engine and Engine Cooling › Engine › Gasoline
Filed Jun 27, 2000AL

CARS STALLS FOR NO APPARENT REASON. HAS DONE THIS ON 4 OCCASIONS. DEALER HAS CHECKED TWICE AND STATES CAN NOT DUPLICATE PROBLEM. *AK

Structure › Body › Door
Filed Jun 15, 2000NJ

THE KEYLESS ENTRY REMOTE DOES NOT OPEN THE DOORS AND THE CONSUMER HAS TO USE THE KEY FOR ENTRY. NLM

Engine and Engine Cooling › Engine › Gasoline
Filed Jun 13, 2000CA

VEHICLE HAS HAD CONTINUED PROBLEMS WITH THE VEHICLE FAILING TO START (8 TIMES). *MJS

Seats
Filed Jun 2, 2000NY

WHILE STOPPING AT A LIGHT DRIVER'S SIDE SEAT RECLINED ALL THE WAY BACK. CONSUMER COULD HAVE HIT SOMEONE. TOOK VEHICLE TO DEALER, AND THEY FIXED THE SEAT ADJUSTING MECHANISM. *AK *ML

Visibility › Sun/Moon Roof Assembly
Filed Jun 2, 2000CA

I PURCHASED MY 1999 HONDA ACCORD IN JULY 99. I HAVE SINCE EXPERIENCED A LEAKING SUNROOF ON THE DRIVER'S SIDE WHICH IS A CONTINUOUS SAFTEY HAZARD. I HAVE VISITED THE HONDA DEALER SEVERAL TIMES AND STILL NO SOLUTION. I HAVE APPLIED FOR THE LEMON LAW AND WILL GO INTO ARBRITION IN A FEW DAYS. *AK

Service Brakes, Hydraulic › Foundation ComponentsCrash
Filed May 30, 2000FL

BRAKING SYSTEM MALFUNCTIONED, CAUSING BRAKE PEDAL TO TRAVEL TO THE FLOOR, AND RESULTING IN EXTENDED STOPPING DISTANCE WHICH CAUSED A CRASH. *AK *ML

Service Brakes, Hydraulic › Antilock/Traction Control/Electronic Limited SlipCrash
Filed May 2, 2000NY

WHILE APPLYING BRAKE PEDAL IT WENT TO THE FLOOR, AND VEHICLE CONTINUED TRAVELING UNTIL IT REAR ENDED ANOTHER VEHICLE. VEHICLE TAKEN TO DEALER FOR REPAIRS, BUT PROBLEM STILL APPEARS TO BE REOCCURRING. *AK *ML

Power Train › Automatic Transmission
Filed Apr 30, 2000NY

NO SUMMARY LISTED FOR ABOVE VEHICLE. *AK

Engine and Engine Cooling › Engine › Gasoline
Filed Apr 10, 2000GA

WHILE DRIVING VEHICLE STALLED UNEXPECTEDLY WHICH COULD HAVE CAUSED A CRASH. DEALER REPLACED THE RELAY FORK, BUT COULD NOT DETERMINE THE CAUSE OF THE PROBLEM. PLEASE PROVIDE FURTHER INFORMATION. *AK

Engine and Engine Cooling › Engine › Gasoline
Filed Apr 10, 2000GA

THE ENGINE SHUTS DOWN WITH NO WARNING. THE PROBLEM HAS OCCURRED 5 TIMES. THE FIRST TIME IT HAPPENED ON A SIDE STREET AT 35MPH. THE GREEN SECURITY KEY LIGHT CAME ON...EXPERIENCED A LOSS OF POWER AND THEN ALL OTHER LIGHTS CAME ON AND CAR STOPPED. I WAS ABLE TO RESTART THE ENGINE. A FEW WEEKS LATER ON THE FREEWAY...AT 70MPH...GREEN SECURITY LIGHT CAME ON...EXPERIENCED A LOSS OF POWER...AND THEN...POWER CAME BACK AND CAR DROVE ON NORMALLY. THIRD TIME, DRIVING OVER RAIL ROAD TRACKS, AT 10 MPH, GREEN LIGHT CAME ON, ENGINE CUT OFF...VEHICLE WAS RESTARTED. FOURTH TIME, FREEWAY AT 70MPH, GREEN KEY LIGHT CAME ON, EXPERIENCED LOSS OF POWER, ENGINE CUT OFF. TRIED TO RESTART CAR SEVERAL TIMES UNSUCCESSFULLY. WAITED 45 MINUTES AND THEN CAR RESTARTED. THIS PROBLEM IS A DIRECT THREAT TO MY LIFE. PLEASE HELP. *AK

Air Bags › FrontalCrash2 injured
Filed Apr 3, 2000IL

CONSUMER WAS REARENDED WITH SUCH GREAT FORCE THAT IT PUSHED VEHICLE FOWARD, HITTING A PARKED VEHICLE WITH THE FRONT END. UPON IMPACT,DUAL AIRBAGS DID NOT DEPLOY WHICH COULD HAVE CAUSED INJURIES. *AK

Unknown or Other
Filed Apr 1, 2000NJ

FIRST TIME I RECEIVED THE LIGHT 09/18/1999, I WENT THRUGH THE DRIVER'S MANUAL AND FOLLOWED THE INSTRUCTION. THE BOOK TOLD ME TO TIGHTEN UP THE FUEL CAP AND DRIVE FOR TWO TO THREE DAYS. THE PROBLEM STAYED. I CONTACTED THE DEALER ON 09/23/1999 AND RECEIVED THE APPOINTMENT FOR 09/30/1999. TOLD THEM ABOUT THE 'CHECK ENGINE' LIGHT. THE DEALER FOUND CODE 1146. THE DEALER RESET THE CODE AS REQUIRED THEN WARMED UP THE CAR AND ROAD TEST WITH WIDE OPEN THROTTLE AND RELEASE/NO CODE RETURNED. TECH INSPECTED PRIMARY OXYGEN SENSOR AND ALL WAS OKAY. I GOT THE CAR BACK WITH INSTRUCTION THAT IF THE CODE APPEAR AGAIN THEY NEED TO ORDER THE PRIMARY OXYGEN SENSOR. ON 10/07/1999 JUST SEVEN DAYS LATER I RECIEVED THE CHECK ENGINE LIGHT. I CALLED THE DEALER AND GOT THE APPOINTMENT FOR 10/13/1999. THE DEALER FOUND THE SAME CODE P1146, OXYGEN SENSOR FOUND FAULTY AND REPLACED IT. I GOT THE SAME INSTRUCTION, IF THE LIGHT COMES BACK AGAIN PLEASE BRING IT BACK. I GOT THE CHECK ENGINE LIGHT AGAIN ON 12/22/1999. WE WENT OUT FOR CHRISTMAS WEEKEND. CALLED THE DEALER ON 12/28/1999 AND GOT THE APPOINTMENT FOR 01/04/2000. THIS WAS THE THIRD TIME THE CAR WENT BACK TO THE DEALER. THE DEALER FOUND THE SAME CODE AND TOLD ME THAT IT IS NOT WORTH REPLACING THE OXYGEN SENSOR BECAUSE THERE ARE OTHER CARS WITH SIMILAR PROBLEM AND THE HONDA TECHNICAL SUPPORT UNIT IS LOOKING INTO THE PROBLEM. THEY DID NOT CLOSE THE INVOICE BUT RETURNED MY CAR SAYING THAT THERE IS NOTHING WRONG WITH THE CAR EXCEPT ONE YELLOW LIGHT WITH "CHE

Fuel System, Gasoline › Storage › Tank Assembly
Filed Mar 26, 2000MD

FUEL GAUGE INCORRECTLY REGISTERS AMOUNT OF FUEL IN TANK. EVEN WHEN FILLED, GAUGE REGISTERS NO MORE THAN 3/4 FULL. OCCASIONALLY REGISTERS FULL IMMEDIATELY AFTER FILLUP, BUT SOON DROPS TO 3/4 OR LESS. *AK

Engine and Engine Cooling › Engine › Gasoline
Filed Mar 24, 2000PA

WHILE DRIVING VEHICLE STALLED AND DIED WITHOUT WARNING AND STARTED UP IMMEDIATELY AFTER. DEALER HAS INSPECTED VEHICLE, AND COULD NOT DUPLICATE THE PROBLEM. *AK

Vehicle Speed Control › LinkagesCrash1 injured
Filed Mar 24, 2000MD

WHILE PULLING OUT OF A PARKING SPACE VEHICLE SUDDENLY ACCELERATED ON ITS OWN, DRIVER LOST CONTROL OF VEHICLE AND HIT A WALL ON THE FRONT RIGHT SIDE. AIR BAGS DEPLOYED, BUT PLAYED NO PART IN RESTRAINT WHICH WAS PROVIDED BY SEAT BELTS. HONDA LEASE DEPT HAS BEEN CONTACTED. *AK.ET.

Power Train › Manual Transmission
Filed Mar 14, 2000MD

TRANSMISSION FAILED. NLM

Air Bags › FrontalCrash1 injured
Filed Mar 3, 2000OR

LEFT STOP LIGHT & "T" BONED ANOTHER VEHICLE ENTERING INTERSECTION. UPON IMPACT WITH VEHICLE, NEITHER AIR BAG DEPLOYED. ALSO, DRIVER'S SEAT BELT FAILED TO RESTRAIN. DRIVER HIT SUPPORT BETWEEN SIDE WINDOW & FRONT WINDOW. *AK *ML

Power Train › Automatic Transmission
Filed Feb 28, 2000CT

THE VEHICLE HESITATES PAUSED AND THEN SURGES DUE TO DEFECTIVE TRANSMISSION. YH

Unknown or Other
Filed Feb 17, 2000GA

PAINT ON HOOD AND BUMPER IS CHIPPING. DEALER WILL NOT FIX. NO SAFETY DEFECT LISTED IN SUMMARY. *AK

Exterior Lighting › Turn Signal › Flasher Unit
Filed Feb 16, 2000IL

LEFT TURN SIGNAL INTERMITTENTLY FAILS TO CANCEL. VISUAL DISTORTION IN WINDSHIELD

Engine and Engine Cooling › Exhaust System
Filed Feb 7, 2000NY

ENGINE CHECK LIGHT KEEPS COMING ON TIED IN WITH EMISSION CONTROL.* ET

Seats › Front Assembly › Recliner
Filed Feb 5, 2000IN

CONSUMER WAS STOPPED AND A VEHICLE HIT HER FROM BEHIND, THE SEAT BROKE AND WAS LEFT IN A RECLINING POSITION. *SLC

Engine and Engine Cooling › Engine › Gasoline
Filed Feb 1, 2000HI

WHILE DRIVING VEHICLE STALLED WITHOUT A WARNING, AND THIS HAD HAPPENED SEVERAL TIMES BEFORE. *AK

Air Bags › FrontalCrash
Filed Jan 24, 2000NJ

CONSUMER DRIVING ON THE HIGHWAY. AND ANOTHER VEHICLE MERGED INTO HIS LANE. CONSUMER'S VEHICLE DIDN'T SEE OTHER VEHICLE, AND FORCED HIM TO HIT ANOTHER VEHICLE. VEHICLE VEERED OFF ON THE SHOULDER, AND DRIVER'S AIRBAG DIDN'T DEPLOY. *AK

Service Brakes, Hydraulic › Pedals and Linkages
Filed Jan 21, 2000MD

CONSUMER EXPERIENCEING PROBLEM WITH FOOT SLIPPING OFF BRAKE PEDAL WHENEVER APPLYING THE BRAKES. ALSO, WHENEVER BRAKES ARE APPLIED SUDDENLY, IT CAUSES THE VEHICLE TO MOVE FROM SIDE TO SIDE ACROSS THE ROAD. DEALER NOTIFIED. *AK *ML

Seat Belts › Front › Retractor
Filed Jan 11, 2000GA

DRIVER'S SIDE SEAT BELT MAY NOT RETRACT IMMEDIATELY WHEN YOU EXIT THE CAR. IF IT DOESN'T, IT WILL RETRACT, BUT WILL GET CAUGHT ON THE POWER SEAT CONTROLS. WHEN IT RETRACTS, IT PULLS THE SEAT RECLINE LEVER AND CAUSES THE SEAT BACK TO RECLINE UNTIL IT CANNOT DO SO BECAUSE IT IS STOPPED BY THE REAR SEAT. ONE TIME THIS HAPPENED, I WAS OUT OF THE CAR FOR FIVE MINUTES AND WHEN I GOT BACK IN, I COULD SMELL THE POWER SEAT MOTOR BURNING - THE SEAT BELT WAS FORCING THE DRIVER'S SEAT TO RECLINE. IF ONE OF MY KIDS WERE IN THE BACK SEAT, SHE WOULD HAVE BEEN PINNED AND COULD HAVE BEEN SEVERELY INJURED. I TOOK THE CAR TO THE DEALER AND THEY SAID NOTHING COULD BE DONE (EXCEPT FOR SOME TYPE OF GUARD OVER THE POWER SEAT CONTROLS). I THINK THIS IS A DESIGN FLAW - NOT A MANUFACTURING DEFECT. PLEASE LET ME KNOW IF OTHERS HAVE HAD THIS PROBLEM. ITS A GREAT CAR OTHER THAN THIS STRANGE PROBLEM. *AK

Engine and Engine Cooling › Engine
Filed Jan 10, 2000SC

MECHANICAL ENGINE LIFTERS WERE BADLY DAMAGED. ENGINE KEPT MAKING A TAPPING SOUND. ENGINE CHECK LIGHT KEPT COMING ON. *AK

Seat Belts › Front › Webbing
Filed Jan 3, 2000CA

REAR DRIVER'S AND PASSENGER'S SEATBELTS TIGHTEN TOO HARD WHICH CAUSES THE OCCUPANTS TO CHOKE AND RELEASE THE BUCKLE. THEY ARE UNABLE TO WEAR THE REAR SEATBELTS. PLEASE PROVIDE FURTHER INFORMATION. *AK

Electrical System › Ignition
Filed Dec 8, 1999OH

VEHICLE LOSES POWER WHILE DRIVING; PANEL LIGHTS BLINK WITH THE EXCEPTION OF THE CHECK ENGINE LIGHT. THIS HAS OCCURRED ON 4 SEPARATE OCCASIONS. ONE TIME, IT WOULD NOT START UNTIL THE 5TH OR 6TH TURN OF THE KEY. I COULD NOT EVEN CHANGE GEARS. THE ANTI- THEFT LIGHT HAS BLINKED ON OCCASION WHILE IN MOTION AS WELL. ALSO, IT DOES NOT ACCELERATE PROPERLY. IT WAS TAKEN TO THE DEALER IN 11/1999 FOR REPAIR. THEY KEPT IT FOR 2 DAYS AND COULD NOT FIND ANYTHING WRONG. A WEEK AND A HALF LATER, IT LOST POWER WHEN TRYING TO MOVE AT A GREEN LIGHT. THE DEALER EVEN CHARGED ME $15 FOR A RENTAL CAR EVEN THOUGH THE CAR WAS LEASED IN AUGUST 1999 AND IS UNDER WARRANTY. *AK

Visibility › Windshield
Filed Dec 3, 1999CA

NO SUMMARY

Power Train › Automatic Transmission
Filed Nov 29, 1999MA

AUTOMATIC TRANSMISSION HESITATION SINCE DAY 1. WHEN ACCELERATING FROM A SLOW OR STOP POSITION, THE ENGINE HESITATES, THE CAR SHAKES AND MAKES RATTLING NOISE, THEN SOMETIMES STALLS. THE ENGINE IS NOT UP/DOWNSHIFTING PROPERLY AND POSES SERIOUS SAFETY CONC

Engine and Engine Cooling › Engine › Gasoline
Filed Nov 24, 1999MN

ENGINE MOUNT MAKES VERY LOUD CLUNK AT START-UP. HONDA SAYS IN NORMAL.

Suspension › Front › Macpherson Strut
Filed Nov 17, 1999CT

BROUGHT CAR HOME FROM DEALER AFTER 1ST OIL CNANGE. A FEW MINUTES LATER WE DISCOVERED THE GARAGE FILLED WITH SMOKE. (OILFILTER DRIPS ONTO EXHAUST PIPE. SEEODI ID 710860) DEALER NOTIFIED. ADVISED TO DRIVE CAR FOR 5 TO 10 MILES AFTER OIL CHANGE. (WELIVE ABOUT 8 MILES FROM DEALER.) *AK

Engine and Engine Cooling › Engine › Gasoline
Filed Nov 15, 1999CA

VEHICLE EXPERIENCEED A LOUD GUN SHOT SOUND FROM DASHBOAD AREA WHILE DRIVING. BUT NO REASON OR CAUSE COULD BE FOUND. TWO DEALER WAS CONTACTED AND NO REASON COULD BE GIVEN.

Vehicle Speed Control
Filed Nov 9, 1999TN

WHILE BACKING OUT OF A PARKING SPACE, HITTING A POLE, DRIVER PULLED BACK INTO PARKING SPACE AND VEHICLE ACCLERATED, CAUSING VEHICLE TO TAKE OFF OUT OF CONTROL. VEHICLE CAME TO STO. DEALER HAS BEEN NOTIFIED . PLEASE PROVIDE FURTHER INFORMATON. *AK

Suspension › Front › Control Arm › Lower Arm
Filed Oct 27, 1999NY

BOLT THAT HOLDS LOWER CONTROL ARM ASSEMBLY BROKE AWAY FROM THE FRAME, CAUSING WHEEL TO COME OUT OF FENDER, AND LOSS OF CONTROL . *AK

Tires
Filed Oct 22, 1999TX

WHEN VEHICLE IS FACING DOWN HILL , AND YOU PUT IN REVERSE IT GOES FORWARD .I SPOKE TO THE SERVICE ADVISOR HE SAID IT WAS NORMAL.I PERSONALLY DO NOT THINK ITS NORMAL .I HAVE AN `89 FORD TEMPO AS OLD AS IT IS IT DOES NOT ROLL DOWNHILL WHEN IN REVERSE AND FACING DOWNHILL.I HAVE COME CLOSE TO HITTING MY GARAGE DOOR BECAUSE OF THAT. ALSO WHEN PUTTING IN GEAR IN ANY KIND OF LAND LEVEL IT CRACKS AND MAKES NOISES. TIRES VIBRATE ,FRONT ONES ALSO ON THE HIGHWAY IT STRAYS TO THE RIGHT A LOT . I`VE CHECKED AIR PRESSURE ON TIRES TO MAKE SURE THAT DID NOT CAUSE THE PULLING TO THE RIGHT, AND IT WAS NOT THAT .AIR PRESSURE IS LOST A LOT ALSO ,EVERY 2-3 WEEKS AIR IN FRONT TIRES GOES DOWN APPROXIMATELEY 4-6 POUNDS, AND REARS GO DOWN 2-3 PUONDS.I HAVE TO CHECK AIR PRESSURE ON A WEEKLY BASES .( DOT NUMBER: TIRE SIZE: P195/65R15 )

Unknown or Other
Filed Oct 22, 1999OH

PAINT BUBBLES AND PEELS ON HOOD, TRUNK, NOW ROOF. COMPANY WILL NOT FIX

Air Bags › FrontalCrash1 injured
Filed Oct 20, 1999TN

DURING A FRONT IMPACT ACCIDENT IN WHICH THE CAR STRUCK A FORD RANGER TRUCK FROM BEHIND, NEITHER DRIVER'S SIDE NOR PASSENGER'S SIDE AIRBAGS DEPLOYED. THERE WAS EXTENSIVE FRONT END DAMAGE TO THE CAR AND THE CAR WENT UP UNDER THE TRUCKS BUMPER. *AK

Steering › Linkages › Knuckle › Spindle › ArmCrash1 injured
Filed Oct 19, 1999MO

THE STEERING KNUCKLE BROKE, CAUSING AN ACCIDENT, YET HONDA WILL NOT TAKE RESPONSIBILITY FOR THE DAMAGE. THE CAR WAS ONLY WEEKS OLD. *AK

Engine and Engine Cooling › Engine › Gasoline
Filed Oct 14, 1999TX

ONGOING / INTERMITTENT PROBLEM WITH THE VEHICLE HESITATING; WHENEVER PULLING INTO A INTERSECTION OR FROM A STOP POSTION IT APPEARS AS IF IT WOULD STALL, BUT DOES'NT. DEALER NOTIFED, AND INFORMED CONSUMER THAT WAS NORMAL FOR THAT TYPE VEHICLE. IT WAS SLOW TO RESPOND. CAN NHTSA PROVIDE INFORMATION ON THIS MATTER BEFORE THIS CAUSE A VEHICLE COLLISON. *AK

Air Bags › FrontalCrash1 injured
Filed Oct 13, 1999FL

CONSUMER HIT ANOTHER VEHICLE IN THE REAR AT 70MPH, AND DRIVER'S SIDE AIR BAG DID NOT DEPLOY, WHILE THE PASSENGER'S SIDE DID DEPLOY. DEALER HAS BEEN CONTACTED. *AK

Air Bags › FrontalCrash
Filed Oct 12, 1999CA

WHILE PARKING VEHICLE WHEELS HIT THE CURB. AIR BAGS DEPLOYED. HAD NOTIFIED DEALER & MANUFACTURER. WS INFORMED IT WAS NORMAL TO HIT RAISED OBJECTS AND /OR TO DEPLOY AIR BAGS. *AK

Unknown or Other
Filed Sep 30, 1999AK

NO SUMMARY

Reading these

NHTSA publishes every complaint as the owner wrote it and investigates only a fraction. Spelling, capitalisation and judgement are the filer’s own. What carries weight is repetition: the same component failing the same way across many filings, and whether the manufacturer eventually opened a recall for it.

Full record for the 1999 Honda Accord → · Every Accord year → · How the figures are calculated →